Phần trước chúng ta đã học về Unit 1 Life Stories, hôm nay các bạn hãy cùng Elight Learning English học về Unit 2 Urbanisation – sự đô thi hóa trong series Chủ điểm từ vựng tiếng anh lớp 12.
#1/ Phần từ vựng
| Từ vựng | Loại từ | Phiên âm | Ý nghĩa |
| agricultural | adj | /ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl/ | thuộc về nông nghiệp |
| centralise | v | /ˈsentrəlaɪz/ | tập trung |
| cost – effective | adj | /ˌkɒst – ɪˈfektɪv/ | hiệu quả, xứng đáng với chi phí |
| counter – urbanisation | n | /ˌkaʊntə ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ | phản đô thị hóa, dãn dân |
| densely populated | /ˈdensli ˈpɒpjuleɪtɪd/ | dân cư đông đúc/ mật độ dân số cao | |
| discrimination | n | /dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn/ | sự phân biệt đối xử |
| double | adj | /ˈdʌbl/ | tăng gấp đôi |
| downmarket | adv | /ˌdaʊnˈmɑːkɪt/ | giá rẻ, bình dân |
| down-to-earth | adj | /ˌdaʊn tu ˈɜːθ/ | thực tế/ sát thực tế |
| energy-saving | /ˈenədʒi ˈseɪvɪŋ/ | tiết kiệm năng lượng | |
| expand | v | /ɪkˈspænd/ | mở rộng |
| industrialisation | n | /ɪnˌdʌstriəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ | sự công nghiệp hóa |
| interest-free | adj | /ˌɪntrəst ˈfriː | không tính lãi/ không lãi suất |
| kind-hearted | adj | /ˌkaɪnd ˈhɑːtɪd/ | tử tế, tốt bụng |
| long-lasting | adj | /ˌlɒŋ ˈlɑːstɪŋ/ | kéo dài, diễn ra trong thời gian dài |
| migrate | v | /maɪˈɡreɪt/ | di cư |
| mindset | n | /ˈmaɪndset/ | định kiến |
| overload | v | /ˌəʊvəˈləʊd/ | làm cho quá tải |
| sanitation | n | /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃn/ | vệ sinh |
| self-motivated | adj | /ˌself ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪd/ | tự tạo động lực cho bản thân |
| slum | n | /slʌm/ | nhà ổ chuột |
| switch off | phr.v | /swɪtʃ ɒf/ | ngừng, thôi không chú ý đến nữa |
| time-consuming | adj | /ˈtaɪm kənsjuːmɪŋ/ | tốn thời gian |
| thought-provoking | adj | /ˈθɔːt prəvəʊkɪŋ/ | đáng để suy nghĩ |
| unemployment | n | /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ | tình trạng thất nghiệp |
| upmarket | adv | /ˌʌpˈmɑːkɪt/ | đắt tiền, xa xỉ |
| urbanisation | n | /ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ | đô thị hóa |
| weather-beaten | adj | /ˈweðə biːtn/ | dãi dầu sương gió |
| well-established | adj | /ˌwel ɪˈstæblɪʃt/ | được hình thành từ lâu, có tiếng tăm |
| worldwide | adv | /ˌwɜːldˈwaɪd/ | trên phạm vi toàn cầu |
#2/ Phần cụm từ & cụm động từ
- grab the attention of sb = attract one’s attention: thu hút sự chú ý của ai
- keep sb engaged: làm cho ai đó bị cuốn hút vào
- focus on = concentrate on: tập trung vào
- stick to: giữ vững lập trường, hạn chế, k thay đổi
- make presentation = present (v): trình bày
- overload sb with st: cung cấp cho ai quá nhiều cái gì
- do research: nghiên cứu
- to be flooded with = to be crowded with: đầy, chật, đông đúc
- run out = use up: dùng hết, cạn kiệt
- play an important role/part in: có vai trò quan trọng trong…
- have access to: tiếp cận với
- provide sb with st = provide st for sb
- result in: dẫn tới
- with no hope of doing st: k có hi vọng làm gì
- cope with: đương đầu với
- combine with st: kết hợp với cái gì
- take measures to do st: có những biện pháp để làm gì
- deal with: giải quyết với
- make a living: kiếm sống
- compete with: cạnh tranh với
- seek one’s fortune: kiếm cơ hội đổi đời
#3/ Phần bài tập
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
(Chọn A,B,C hoặc D có phần gạch chân khác với các từ còn lại về cách phát âm với mỗi câu hỏi dưới đây)
1. A. none B. phone C. stone D. zone
2. A. life B. like C. live D. lively
3. A. beard B. hear C. rear D. swear
4. A. ancient B. educate C. stranger D. transfer
5. A. account B. astound C. country D. mounting
Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
(Chọn A,B,C hoặc D với từ đồng nghĩa có phần gạch chân dưới đây)
6. She’s a down-to-earth woman with no pretensions.
A. ambitious B. creative C. idealistic D. practical
7. It is crucial that urban people not look down on rural areas.
A. evil B. optional C. unnecessary D. vital
8. Polish artist Pawel Kuzinsky creates satirical paintings filled with thought-provoking messages about the world.
A. inspirational B. provocative C . stimulating D. universal
9. She was brought up in the slums of Leeds.
A. downtown area B. industrial area C. poor area D. rural area
10. The Freephone 24 Hour National Domestic Violence Helpline is a national service for women experiencing domestic violence, their family, friends, colleagues and others calling on their behalf.
A. in the same country B. in the same family
C. in the same office D. in the same school
11. The promise of jobs and prosperity pulls people to cities.
A. education B. employment C. stabilization D. wealth
12. With so many daily design resources, how do you stay up-to-date with technology without spending too much time on it?
A. connect to Internet all day B. update new status
C. get latest information D. use social network daily
13. Online Business School also offers interest free student loans to UK students.
A. no extra fee B. no limited time C. no repayment D. no interest payments
14. Many illnesses in refugee camps are the result of inadequate sanitation.
A. cleanliness B. dirtiness C. pollution D. uncleanliness
15. There has been a hot debate among the scientists relating to the pros and cons of using robotic probes to study distant objects in space.
A. problems and solutions B. advantages and disadvantages
C. solutions and limitations D. causes and effects
16. Her style of dress was conservative. She never wears items that are too tight, short or low-cut.
A. high-fashion B. traditional C. trendy D. up to date
17. Many of the immigrants have intermarried with the island’s original inhabitants.
A. foreigners B. landlord C. newcomer D. dwellers
Exercise 3.Use the correct form of the words in the box to complete each sentence. ( Sử dụng dạng đúng của từ trong bảng để hoàn thành câu)
| year-round | thought-provoking | weather-beaten |
| well-paid | fast-growing | overload |
18. Students these days are____________________ with too much unnecessary information.
19. He has the____________________ face and skin of an old traveller.
20. In_____________________ cities, people have access to jobs, healthcare and other
facilities.
21. It is difficult for young people to find____________________ jobs in rural areas.
22. The documentary about life in the slums was really _________________ and was followed by a lot of discussion about how to solve this problem.
23. Life in areas with_______________________ extreme weather conditions is not easy at all.
Exercise 4: Complete the sentences with the ideas in brackets. Use the subjunctive form of the verbs. (Hoàn thành các câu với các ý trong ngoặc. Sử dụng dạng giả định của động từ)
24. (improve / English skills / find a better paid job)
=> His teacher proposed that he………………………………
25. (support/farmers financially)
=> Mr Le recommended that the government ………………………………..
26. (get a good education)
=> It is essential that young people …………………………..
27. (arrest the attacker)
=> The victim’s family demanded that the police……………………..
28. (obey the rules and regulations / local area)
=> It is imperative that all new migrants …………………………………….
Exersise 5: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. (Đọc hiểu đoạn văn sau và chọn từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống)
Rapid urbanization can (29) ____ long-term economic, social and environmental promise for developing countries (30) ____ investments made now in infrastructure, housing and public services are efficient and sustainable, the World Bank says in a new report.
In the next two decades, cities are (31) ____ to expand by another two billion residents, as people move in unprecedented (32) ____ from rural areas to pursue hopes and aspirations in cities. More than 90 (33) ____ of this urban population growth is expected to occur in the developing world, (34) ____ many cities are already struggling to provide basic (35) ____ such as water, electricity, transport, health services and education.
Report authors note that (36) ____ new urban growth will not take (37) ____ in the “megacities” of the world e.g. Rio de Janeiro, Jakarta or New Delhi (38) ____ rather in less commonly recognized “secondary” cities – places like Fushun in China, and Surat in India.
To help policymakers prepare for and manage growth, the report distills lessons (39) ____ from 12 countries across all geographic regions and stages of urbanization. It then translates these global lessons (40) ____ practical policy advice.
29. A. bring B. carry C. hold D. take
30. A. if B. unless C. whether D. while
31. A. predictable B. predicted C. predicting D. predictions
32. A. amounts B. numbers C. ranges D. sums
33. A. per cent B. percentage C. proportion D. rate
34. A. what B. where C. which D. why
35. A. demands B. needs C. orders D. uses
36. A. almost B. most C. mostly D. nearly
37. A. form B. hand C. place D. time
38. A. but B. nor C. or D. yet
39. A. are learned B. being learned C. learned D. learning
40. A. by B. into C. up to D. up with
#3.1/ Phần đáp án
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
| 1.a | 2.c | 3.d | 4.d | 5.c |
Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
| 6.d | 7.d | 8.a | 9.c | 10.b | 11.d |
| 12.c | 13.d | 14.a | 15.b | 16.b | 17.d |
Exercise 3.Use the correct form of the words in the box to complete each sentence.
| 18. overloaded | 19. weather-beaten | 20. fast-growing |
| 21. well-paid | 22. thought-provoking | 23. year-round |
Exercise 4: Complete the sentences with the ideas in brackets. Use the subjunctive form of the verbs. (Hoàn thành các câu với các ý trong ngoặc. Sử dụng dạng giả định của động từ)
- His teacher proposed that he improve his English skills in order to find a better paid job.
- Mr Le recommended that the government support the farmers financially.
- It is essential that young people get a good education.
- The victim’s family demanded that the police arrest the attacker.
- It is imperative that all new migrants obey the rules and regulations of the local area.
Exersise 5: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
| 29.c | 30.a | 31.b | 32.b | 33.a | 34.b |
| 35.b | 36.b | 37.c | 38.a | 39.c | 40.b |
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